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[This article belongs to Volume - 70, Issue - 8]
Published on : 2025-08-11 20:55:51
Article Code: AMJ-11-08-2025-12329
Title : Efficacy of Eggshell Powder and Nano-Hydroxyapatite as a Remineralizing Agent: A Literature Review
Author(s) : Sarhan B., Almarwani S.A., Arab M.Z., Suliman A.H., Malki B.M., Althaqafi R.A., Algadouri M.A.
Abstract :
Dental bleaching, while effective for tooth whitening, often leads to enamel demineralization, manifesting as
increased surface roughness and reduced microhardness. This literature review systematically evaluates the efficacy
of eggshell powder (ESP) and nano hydroxyapatite (nHA) as remineralizing agents for bleached enamel, comparing
their performance with established commercial products such as casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium
phosphate (CPP-ACP) and fluoride-based agents. A literature review was conducted, including peer-reviewed in-vitro
studies published in English that quantitatively assessed the remineralization effects of eggshell powder or
nanohydroxyapatite on bleached enamel. Studies were selected based on the use of standardized microhardness or
surface roughness measurements and the presence of control groups, with no restrictions on publication date. Data
extraction focused on study design and key findings related to enamel remineralization. Findings indicate that both
ESP and nHA significantly restore enamel microhardness and reduce surface roughness, with results comparable to
or, in some cases, approaching those of CPP-ACP. ESP, derived from calcined chicken eggshells, offers a sustainable
and cost-effective remineralization strategy, while nHA’s biomimetic properties facilitate deep mineral penetration
and adhesion.